🌧 CASA — Indonesian Rainfall Forecasting

Climate-Adaptive Spatial Attention (傘 = payung) — modular spatial-weight learner for LSTM-GSTARX. 40 regions (38 IDN provinces + Papua New Guinea + Borneo non-IDN), 484 monthly observations 1985-01..2025-04, 5-fold walk-forward CV.

1 — Overview

Best model
casa_neighbours_only
Mean RMSE (mm)
80.34
± Std
7.62
Models × Folds
8 × 5
Full summary table
model rmse_mean rmse_std mae_mean mae_std n_folds
casa_neighbours_only 80.34 7.62 60.63 4.11 5
lstm_static 80.36 7.64 60.64 4.13 5
casa_static_alpha 80.50 7.58 60.73 4.04 5
casa_no_climate 80.50 7.60 60.74 4.07 5
casa_full 80.51 7.57 60.74 4.04 5
casa_no_geo 80.87 7.68 60.97 3.92 5
gstarx 86.82 5.13 66.18 2.41 5
gstar 87.09 4.50 66.36 1.74 5

2 — Model Comparison

3 — Diebold-Mariano Test (HLN-corrected)

|−log₁₀(p)| > 1.30 ≈ p < 0.05; > 2.0 ≈ p < 0.01; > 3.0 ≈ p < 0.001. Negative-signed (blue) cells: row outperforms column.

Significant pairs (p < 0.05)
model_A model_B dm_hln p_value A_better sig_001
casa_neighbours_only gstar -4.216 5.50e-05 True True
casa_no_geo gstar -4.201 5.83e-05 True True
gstar lstm_static 4.193 5.99e-05 False True
casa_static_alpha gstar -4.177 6.36e-05 True True
casa_full gstar -4.171 6.51e-05 True True
casa_no_climate gstar -4.161 6.77e-05 True True
casa_neighbours_only gstarx -3.753 2.95e-04 True True
casa_no_geo gstarx -3.733 3.17e-04 True True
gstarx lstm_static 3.731 3.19e-04 False True
casa_static_alpha gstarx -3.710 3.42e-04 True True
casa_full gstarx -3.702 3.52e-04 True True
casa_no_climate gstarx -3.693 3.63e-04 True True

4 — Regime-Stratified RMSE

Hypothesis (Spec Proposition 4): CASA outperforms static during El Niño / La Niña while geographic prior dominates in neutral periods.

5 — α_t Timeline (CASA blending gate)

Pilih ablation via tombol di atas chart untuk switch CASA variant.

6 — Geographic Adjacency Matrix (A_geo)

Density 12.82% = k/(N−1). Rows sum to 1.0. W_t at runtime = α_t · A_geo + (1−α_t) · A_learned^t.

7 — Geographic Network & Per-province RMSE

KNN edges (k=5) overlaid. Marker colour = per-province RMSE from best CASA ablation; orange squares = boundary nodes (PNG, Borneo non-IDN), not forecast targets.